![]() We searched MEDLINE using the PubMed interface. We performed a narrative review which intended to provide a summary of the literature and guide to the clinician. Search Methods and Study Selection Criteria This review summarizes the current literature on autonomic dysfunction in MS with a focus on pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic techniques and treatment strategies.ΔΆ. ![]() Moreover, the way autonomic function should be quantitatively assessed in MS patients in clinical practice has not yet achieved a consensus which would allow for a standardized recommendation and help evaluate response to neuroprotective and disease-modifying therapies. While effective pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies are available to alleviate several autonomic symptoms in MS, the underlying pathomechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated and causative treatment is still lacking. ![]() Multimodal and interdisciplinary strategies of diagnosis and treatment of autonomic dysfunction can improve health and quality of life. Urogenital symptoms occur in the vast majority of all MS sufferers at some point during the course of the disease. Autonomic nervous system disturbances including sweating abnormalities, urinary dysfunction, orthostatic dysregulation, gastrointestinal symptoms and sexual dysfunction are frequent complications that reduce the quality of life of affected patients. In developed countries, multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent chronic neurological disorder in young individuals, affecting over 400,000 persons in the United States alone.
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